Cage questionnaire, a screening test for alcohol dependence. Cage is an internationally used assessment instrument for identifying problems with alcohol. The cage assessment is a quick questionnaire to help determine if an alcohol assessment is needed. If the patient reports regular alcohol consumption, the short michigan alcoholism screening instrumentgeriatric version smastg, should be used. University of north carolina at cahpel hill, cage is an internationally used assessment. Response burden, reliability, andvalidity ofthe cage, shortmast, andaudit alcohol screening measures ron d. The cage questionnaire a screening test for alcohol use.
The outpatient medical practice of an urban university teaching hospital. John ewing, founding director of the bowles center for alcohol studies at the university of north carolina at chapel hill. Pdf screening for alcohol abuse using the cage questionnaire. The cage acronym is a 4item questionnaire that can indicate potential. Data shows that cage is less effective in recognizing less severe drinking disorders. Sharethe cage adapted to include drugs cageaid questionnaire is an adaptation of the cage for the purpose of conjointly screening for alcohol and drug problems. A clinicians guide niaaa x x x alcohol screening and brief intervention for youth.
Please answer yes or no to the following questions. Apr 25, 2011 the cage questionnaire was developed by dr. Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking. It is the most commonly used screening tool for signs of alcoholism and is a widely respected alcoholism test due to its reliability. The alcohol use disorders identification test audit is a 10item screening tool developed by the world health organization who to assess alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors, and alcohol related. As such, the cage method is widely used in primary care facilities, when a quick assessment of alcoholism is needed. An emergency room might use a short test that makes a determination based on the first question, while a mental health professional has time to administer a longer test. It is a shortform alcohol screening instrument tailored to the needs of older adults. Cageaid pdf, 30kb x x x x cage pdf, 14kb x x x helping patients who drink too much. Cage questionnaire have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking. For most adults drinking a moderate amount of alcohol up to two drinks. Screening tests s national institute on alcohol abuse. Cage assessment alcohol abuse for most people who drink, alcohol is a pleasant addition to eating and to other social activities.
Screening and assessment tools chart national institute on. Alcohol screening and brief counseling can reduce drinking on an occasion by 25% in people who drink too much, but only 1 in 6 people has ever talked with their doctor or other health professional about alcohol. Screening tests s everal hundred screening instruments are available today to aid clinicians and others in identifying patients with alcohol problems. Mar 06, 2018 the cage questionnaire is a series of four questions that doctors can use to check for signs of possible alcohol dependency. National center on birth defects and developmental disabilities. Several hundred screening instruments are available today to aid clinicians and others in identifying patients with alcohol problems. Cage aid overview the cage aid is a conjoint questionnaire where the focus of each item of the cage questionnaire was expanded from alcohol alone to include alcohol and other drugs.
Fast alcohol screening test fast fast is an alcohol harm assessment tool. Cage aid pdf, 30kb x x x x cage pdf, 14kb x x x helping patients who drink too. The cage questionnaire, the name of which is an acronym of its four questions, is a widely used screening test for problem drinking and potential alcohol problems. Item bias in the cage screening test for alcohol use disorders.
Sbirt is a quick, easy way to identify and intervene with patients whose patterns of use put them at risk for, or who already have, substancerelated health problems. The cage questionnaire is an international screening tool used by healthcare practitioners to help discuss a patients alcohol useabuse to determine if that patient may have an alcohol. Jan 31, 2020 alcohol screening and brief counseling can reduce drinking on an occasion by 25% in people who drink too much, but only 1 in 6 people has ever talked with their doctor or other health professional about alcohol use. It consists of a subset of questions from the full alcohol use disorders identification test audit.
Clinical utility potential advantage is to screen for alcohol and drug problems conjointly rather than separately. Planning and implementing screening and brief intervention for risky alcohol use a stepbystep guide for primary care practices. The questionnaire takes less than one minute to administer, and is often used in primary care or other general settings as a quick screening tool rather than as an indepth interview for those who have alcoholism. Have you ever been in treatment for an alcohol problem. It is not intended to be used for diagnosing the disease but only as a tool to indicate whether a problem may exist. A copy of each test is available in pdf format for duplication to use in clinical settings.
Alcohol screening tests ideal for healthcare settings. Canadian guideline for safe and effective use of opioids for. Cage questionnaire an overview sciencedirect topics. This is one of the oldest screening tests for alcohol use disorder. The cage questionnaire a screening test for alcohol use disorders. The cage questionnaire for detection of alcoholism. The cage questionnaire is a simple test that checks for signs of alcohol dependence. Cage assessment is a perfect example of quick screening tools for alcoholism.
Commonly used substance use disorder screening instruments instrument populations description accessmore information alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test assist adults, adolescents an 8item screening tool developed for the world health organization who by an international group of substance abuse researchers to. A crosssectional design of a sample of consecutive patients who received both the alcohol module of the diagnostic interview schedule and the cage cut down, annoyed, guilty, eyeopener screening questionnaire. If a person answers yes to two or more questions, a complete assessment is advised. The questions are designed to be less obtrusive than directly asking. For most adults drinking a moderate amount of alcohol up to two drinks per day for men. Merz rand, santamonica, california and ronald nicholas centerfor counseling, tarzana, california weadministeredthe cage,the shortmast, and the auditto 832clientsat drinking drivertreat mentprograms in southern california. The cage questionnaire is a series of four questions that doctors can use to. Cage substance abuse screening tool johns hopkins medicine.
Alcohol screening questionnaire audit our clinic asks all patients about alcohol use at least once a year. Item responses on the cage questions are scored 0 for no and 1 for yes answers, with a higher score being an indication of alcohol problems. Many of these tools are presented in the guide, assessing alcohol problems. The cage acronym is a 4item questionnaire that can indicate potential problems with alcohol abuse. The cage questionnaire consists of four questions that relate to your use of alcohol. Cage aid or cage assessment the cage aid or cage assessment is a commonly used, fivequestion tool used to screen for drug and alcohol use and has been tested in primary care. The cage screening questionnaire is used to screen for alcohol abuse and dependence in adults. Screening tests s national institute on alcohol abuse and.
Screening for alcohol abuse using the cage questionnaire booker bush, m. Learn what the four questions are and why theyre so effective. Response burden, reliability, andvalidity ofthe cage. It can be selfadministered or be provided by a family doctor or other health care providers.
Cage alcohol abuse screening tool drug abuse screening test dast 10 the cage questionnaire, the name of which is an acronym of its four questions, is a widely used screening test for problem drinking and potential alcohol problems alcoholism. Gender and cultural differences in the consequences of drinking and perceptions of problem alcohol use may explain these effects. Cage questionnaire for detecting alcoholism substance. Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking. The cage test is a straightforward alcoholism screening test, used by many professionals in the alcohol addiction field. In situations where time allows for more indepth interviewing, incorporating the audit may help to identify a wider.
John ewing, founding director of the bowles center for alcohol studies. Michigan alcoholism screening test mast alcohol use disorders identification test. Screening for alcohol abuse using the cage questionnaire. Cage questionnaire for alcohol use alcohol rehab guide. Other validated tests for further assessment include. Brief and unbiased screens for alcohol use disorders in primary care patients are needed. Two yes responses is considered positive for males. Have you ever felt that you ought to cut down on your drinking or drug use. Sharethe cage adapted to include drugs cage aid questionnaire is an adaptation of the cage for the purpose of conjointly screening for alcohol and drug problems. Conjoint screening questionnaires for alcohol and drug abuse. A guide for clinicians and researchers,1 available from the national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism. The cage questionnaire is, along with tweak, audit alcohol use disorders identification test and fast fast alcohol screening test, one of the most popular alcohol screening questionnaires. Fast alcohol use screening test fast pdf, 385kb, 3. Screening for alcohol abuse using the cage questionnaire article pdf available in the american journal of medicine 822.
Planning and implementing screening and brief intervention. Developed in 1968, the cage substance abuse screening tool is a questionnaire that was created by dr. The cage questionnaire, the name of which is an acronym of its four questions, is a widely used screening test for problem drinking and potential alcohol. Canadian guideline for safe and effective use of opioids for cncp part b cage questionnaire cage is an acronym formed from the italicized words in the questionnaire cutannoyedguiltyeye. Information for behavioral health providers in primary care. Both a clinicianadministered version page 1 and a selfreport version of the audit page 2 are provided. Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking.
The cage questionnaire is an international screening tool used by healthcare practitioners to help discuss a patients alcohol useabuse to determine if that patient may have an alcohol use disorder aud. The cage is a simple screening questionnaire to id potential problems with alcohol. Test sensitivity specificity features % true cases % all cases cage all items positive 3 items positive 2 items positive 1 item positive 100 99 89 80 37 66 81 98 4 questions clinical interview to detect alcoholism. This test specifically focuses on alcohol use, and not on the use of other drugs. It is a combination of 4 simple questions that can be used for the screening of patients for alcoholism. John ewing, founding director of the bowles center for alcohol studies, university of north carolina at chapel hill to reorder, call 18776387827 cage questionnaire have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking. Other studies have subsequently assessed the sensitivity, speci. A guide for clinicians and researchers, 1 available from the national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism. The cage questionaire the cage questionnaire was developed in 1970 by dr. Screening for alcohol abuse using cage scores and likelihood. Auditc alcohol use disorders identification test auditc alcohol. Alcohol use screening and assessment for older adults.
Cage aid is a commonly used, 5 question tool used to screen for drug and alcohol use. In the past alcohol screening questionnaire audit drinking alcohol can affect your health and some medications you may take. John ewing, founding director of the bowles center for alcohol studies, university of north carolina at chapel hill. This easytouse patient questionnaire is a screening test for problem drinking and potential alcohol problems. The cage questions should not be preceded by any questions about alcohol intake ie its sensitivity is dramatically enhanced by an openended introduction. A practitioners guide niaaa x x x assessments tobacco, alcohol, prescription medication, and other substance use x. The cage screening method is extremely timeefficient as it can be administered in less than a minute.
The michigan alcohol screening test and alcohol use disorders identification test both obtain more information than the cage questionnaire, but given the reluctance of busy primary care physicians to use the brief cage. Ask your patients these four questions and use the scoring method described below to determine if substance abuse exists and needs to be addressed. Cage questionnaire occupational medicine oxford academic. This simple 4question self test may help you become aware of your use or abuse of alcohol. The audit, cage, and tace are presented here in their entirety. Cage and cage aid introduction and scoring the cage questionnaire is used to test for alcohol abuse and dependence in adults. These biases suggest the cage is a poor ruleout screening test. The cage questionnaire was developed in 1970 and remains one of the most reliable and easy screening instruments for the detection of alcoholism. Screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment. Screening tests national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism. A psychological selfassessment tool for determining alcohol abuse potential. Cageaid questionnaire substance use screening national. Screening and assessment tools chart national institute. Commonly used substance use disorder screening instruments.
What is the cage questionnaire for alcohol consumption. Cage alcohol abuse screening tool the cage questionnaire, the name of which is an acronym of its four questions, is a widely used screening test for problem drinking and potential alcohol problems alcoholism. Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a. The alcohol use disorders identification test audit is a 10item screening tool developed by the world health organization who to assess alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors, and alcohol related problems. It is the most commonly used screening tool for signs of alcoholism and is a widely respected alcoholism test. It is a quick questionnaire to help determine if an alcohol. This simple 4question selftest may help you become aware of your use or abuse of alcohol. Ask your patients these four questions and use the scoring method described below to determine if substance.
The alcohol use screening tests can be used by health professionals as a tool to assess a service users level of risk to alcohol harm. Two instruments in particular, the audit and the cage, are cited throughout this issueprimarily because of their usefulness in a variety of settings and with a range of target populations. The cage questions should not be preceded by any questions about alcohol intake ie its. Canadian guideline for safe and effective use of opioids. It was developed by dr john ewing in the usa and published in 1984 as an easytouse tool to identify severe alcohol dependence. Please help us provide you with the best medical care by answering the questions below. See the assessing alcohol problems guide for a full description of these and other. An alcohol screening test helps determine if you abuse alcohol or have alcohol use disorder. Drinking alcohol can affect your health and some medications you may take.
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